| Submitted |
| Geodia tumulosa |
| 2007-08-20 |
| Solarte Lagoon, Bocas del Toro, Panama (9° 18' 21'' N, 82° 10' 23'' W) |
| 1m |
| Robert Thacker |
| ZMBN 77928 |
| Ethanol |
| Paco Cárdenas |
Morphological description (show/hide)
| Massive, irregularly lobate | | Dark-green, light-brown or whitish. | | Whitish, except oscule area which remains dark-brown. | | Uniporal, grouped in oscule area | | Slightly compressible, with tough cortex. | | Smooth, hispid in some areas | | Radial organisation of triaenes and oxeas I under the cortex. Under this layer, the radial arrangement is less obvious. | | Cortex is 0.4-0.9 mm thick: thin ectocortex of acanthoxyasters III and a thicker endocortex of sterrasters. | | (a) oxeas I, stout, straight or very slightly bent, length: 1044–1342.1–1824 µm; width: 16–31.2–42 µm. (b) oxeas II, usually straight, length: 157–201.5–238 µm; width: 3.6–4.3–7.2 µm. (c) plagiotriaenes (Fig. A), rhabdome length: 792–1266–1620 µm; rhabdome width: 35–48.1–70 µm; clad length: 98–211.4–308 µm. (d) anatriaenes (Fig. B), rare, rhabdome length: 1433 µm (N=1); rhabdome width: 6–7.9–11 µm (N=3); clad length: 23–26.5–33 µm (N=3). | | (e) sterrasters (Fig. C–D), oval, with smooth 3–5 branched rosettes at their surface (diameter: ca. 4 µm), length: 75–84.1–93.1 µm; width: 54–79.5–93.1 µm. (f) acanthoxyasters I (Fig. E), 6–12 thin actines, diameter: 16–21.3–34 µm. (g) acanthoxyasters II (Fig. F), large centrum, with thicker and shorter actines than acanthoxyasters I, 14–20 actines, diameter: 9.7–13.4–16.2 µm. (h) acanthoxyasters III (Fig. G), 9–17 actines, diameter: 4.3–6.5–7.6 µm. |
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This specimen is growing on mangrove roots. This species is often overgrown with ectosymbionts.
The picture in situ shows a close-up of the oscular area. SEM spicule pictures are not from ZMBN 77928 but from ZMBN 81780 collected from the same locality, at the same time (ZMBN 81780 also has an identical COI sequence).
This specimen was originally identified and described as G. gibberosa (Cárdenas et al., 2009; 2010) but later found to be different from G. gibberosa (Cárdenas et al., 2011). |
Reference (show/hide)
| Cárdenas, P., Menegola, C., Rapp, H.T. & DÃaz, M.C. (2009) Morphological description and DNA barcodes of shallow-water Tetractinellida (Porifera: Demospongiae) from Bocas del Toro, Panama, with description of a new species. Zootaxa, 2276, 1-39. |
| Cárdenas, P., Rapp, H.T., Schander, C. & Tendal, O.S. (2010) Molecular taxonomy and phylogeny of the Geodiidae (Porifera, Demospongiae, Astrophorida) — combining phylogenetic and Linnaean classification. Zoologica Scripta, 39, 89-106. |
| Cárdenas, P., Xavier, J.R., Reveillaud, J., Schander, C. & Rapp, H.T. (2011) Molecular phylogeny of the Astrophorida (Porifera, Demospongiae) reveals an unexpected high level of spicule homoplasy. PLoS ONE, 6, e18318. |
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